Not sure that helps or is relevant...
I don't know if it helps either, but it's certainly food for thought, so thanks!
The tricky thing about Garmin devices is you can be fooled into thinking they are not recording data very often, due to Garmin Connect being a bit crap. Garmin Connect does not show you all the data / GPS points. I think Strava might be the same. If you use a different tool (I have written my own) then you can see all the data points, and thus determine how often the data is being written / stored.
The Garmin Edge 200 uses "smart recording", and you can't change it, AFAIK. The 500 and 800 uses smart recording by default, but you can change it to record every 1 second. The issue that we're having, though, is to do with GPS accuracy, not how often it records track points. The Garmin tells you how accurate it is all the time. I have not seen a mobile device app being able to tell you this.
That all said, I think what I will do on Monday is to record my trip using Endomondo or Strava on my phone, and use the Edge as normal, and compare the two. That said, if my mobile then records it really well, I'm not sure where that leaves us, because it doesn't appear to be that the Garmin is broken, since it is recording data at other times ok?
I'm heading out for a ride tomorrow morning. Let's see what happens then...
Ramblings over for the night.