In dundee residents of the center which was pedestrianised could apply for a permit for the multi story car park outside the center (20 years ago when i lived in dundee center)
It depends on perspective some people think people should not be driving private cars in the center of edinburgh. I my self dont have any particular strong feelings on the subject. However if accept the premise that people should not be driving in to edinburgh, like park and rides could be spaces for edinburgh residents at park and ride rather than in town. So if want to drive outside edinburgh you park at park and ride and bus in. If you live in edinburgh bus out to the park and ride where your car is.
Parking permits may be considered a right whereas free parking is just the commons not owned so easier to take away, may be poltically harder to get rid of permit parking. In many parts of edinburgh parking permits may be a considered a subsidy as less than what the market rate would be for the space. Parking permit is generally a subisidy because council wont get polltical presure to introduce until the area has demand that may be worth metering.
Permit parking encourages people to drive around town bad for local pollution more so if deisel cold starting several times a day in build up area, worse even than commutors who may cold start once a day in town.
It may be more environmental if car use in town was restricted, if someone wants to drive to work then may be better not to live in the center of edinburgh but live nearer to work or the outside of edinburgh to reduce local pollution. This would then free up property in the center of edinburgh for people who work in the center of edinburgh so may create 2 less journeys. It may be a more efficent use of resources.
I am not anti car I drove a ferrari last weekend. Its just that if people think should be park and rides for people coming in then to work should be for people in edinburgh. As otherwise empty streets fill with cars does not cut car use. It would make driving more attactive in town. If people want reduced driving in down parking permits may be the wrong approach. A congestion charge that applied irrespective of where journey commenced but how many miles down in town. And encourage people in town to park at park and ride etc. Rather than have permits could metter each space that would be the econonically efficent approach.
In the wide empty streets could build flower beds and market stalls and child play areas or cycle lanes, bus and some people would say tram lines. Personally would not use most those my self but think that is the theory.
Parking permits are a pro car tory type policy, I am not particular anti car or tory. If lived in leith would probably want permits so I could park my car, but a car or driving reduction policy it is not.