Quick summary of what's going on:
Rosetta is a European Space Agency probe launched in March 2004 to investigate comets; specifically comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. This is interesting because we don't really know much about comets, despite theories that they might have seeded our world with building blocks for life.
Rosetta carries a tiny lander called Philae. That has just been lobbed off the probe, and is travelling along a seven-hour ballistic trajectory to land on the surface of the comet. It has no propulsion, so is relying on some really good maths to ensure it ends up on the right spot, the right way up, and at slow enough speeds that it doesn't smash into the surface or bounce off.
As it kisses the surface, screws in its three feet with drive into the surface. Combined with some harpoons, it's hoped that will be enough to keep it secure. Noone really knows what the surface is going to be like though.
If everything goes well, [even more] Science will then happen.
Sometimes, humans get things right.