I tend to think that keeping trail tyres on the road increases the amount of exercise I get on a realtively short commute - less efficiency = more effort. Is this crazy?
Not crazy, just unconventional given the amount of focus many people put into making their commutes easier rather than harder :P
I can understand your motivation but I don't think trail tyres on road is the way to go about it. Compared to road tyres it is barely distinguishable from riding around with a brake jammed on. In that case you could always unjam the brake if you felt you'd had enough of the added resistance, but with trail tyres you're stuck with it. Imagine a day when you're exhausted and have to commute, fighting the tyre resistance even over a short distance is awful, speaking from experience. Compared to a road bike you're already making things pretty hard by riding a mtb, hence why swapping in road tyres is so common for commutes.
The other things I mentioned earlier should also be considered about trail tyres on road:
-Depending on how blocky the tread is, the handling on tarmac can get very tenuous. Braking feels off as the knobs squish under load, cornering on the side tread can go bad quickly if you push too far and it buckles.
-Accelerated wear can be severe depending again on the tread design and the compound of the rubber. Mtb tyres don't last offroad, riding them frequently onroad in between and you'll be going through them very fast.
-Puncture protection. I've had mtb tyres take all kinds of abuse offroad, only to be torn by a small bit of glass on the ride back that a protected tyre would have shrugged off.
With all that said you can of course commute on trail tyres, I have done so myself briefly, and see people doing it quite often. You just incur an awful lot of penalties for doing it. If you want added resistance with slicks you can always adopt my method of packing far too much and refusing to go more than 4 miles without the kitchen sink....
I am interested at the stronger and sturdier point, as I am generally pretty hard wearing on bikes
I think between 2 equally well built wheels the 26" is theoretically marginally stronger, but there's so many variables. I'd imagine a 36 spoke 29" wheel will be more resilient than a 32 spoke 26" wheel etc. I have to say with all the abuse my mtb gets and all the resulting problems the wheels have been basically trouble free, and they're not particularly special.