The street around the corener from me was built over 160 years ago to a high specification of flsh top setts laid in a tight bond, with self clearing gullies at the sides.
The setts would have been bedded on puddle clay or cold tar and may have had a cold tar seal painted on the joint faces as they were laid.
It used to be a joy to see even in the lightest drizzle the water shedding into the gullies from the imperceptible camber of the road sadlt a few utilities dug up the road and have never been held to account. Then the centre of the carriageway began to sink, alonh the line of a major drain/sewer suggesting that leakage was weakening and leaching out the fine silt/clay the forms the subsoil covering the ingneous bedrock around here - but of course the pipe is Scottish Water, and although you can point out the damage and long term potential of massive costs of catastrophic failure the roads authority refuse to take any interest or action.
Being proper flush top sets laid properly the road has lasted over 160 years with minimal maintenance and no potholes. Sadly Scottish Water did some work and they have wrecked a section by totally failing to rebuild the bedding layer and then laying the setts loose with no locking on a basic type 1 backfilling, which I suspect has no geotextile membrane to prevent the type 1 material migrating down into the clay with the loadings of traffic on the road (ie road sinks and continues to sink)
Cockburn Street used to have some great flush top setts, and then someone with little awareness of the difference got the street totally relaid with cod-heritage blocks that were not flush cut. I used to manage Nicholson Sq to Waverley in 3 minutes, but net with the new non-authentic finish.
One example of the screw ups that those with no understanding of how stone (and timber) block road building works was the relaying of the Bridges/High Street cross-toads about 25 years ago - when the setts were laid with the bond courses parallel to the Bridges IIRC. The road surface went everyway but flat and smooth as the original system of laying the courses to fit split the junction on the diagonals.
Setts are often laid is a crude fast way with a loose bond, and the reduced accuracy of laying accommodated by brushing in a weak mortar mix. Of course this then weakens and allows blocks to rock and move around and you get the classic cobbled street lumpen ride. In a tight bond the blocks can only move up and down to accommodate movement, and the friction between abutting faces means that the surface behaves like a 'carpet' linked elements that can move a small amount but not massively between each abutting block. Effectively this delivers a road surface which spreads the loads without the deformation that can happen with a fully flexible pavement like tarmac, and also avoids the potential for irregular cracking and water ingress.
The ideal urban road which almost conveys a 20mph speed limit by its appearance is one laid in tight bonded setts. As a compromise the use of setts to 'frame' rigid features such as drains and manholes in the road surface. The setts fit the rigid features without breaking away, but have some flexibility to allow the tarmac to move.