CityCyclingEdinburgh Forum » Infrastructure

Should Spokes Advocate the Two-Stage Right Turn?

(33 posts)
  • Started 9 years ago by UtrechtCyclist
  • Latest reply from Stephan Matthiesen

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  1. UtrechtCyclist
    Member

    Recently there's been some discussion in Spokes as to whether we should be pushing for protected two-stage right turns when segregated cycle routes pass junctions. It would be good to get some wider feedback from CCE.

    David Hembrow is very strongly against them, you can see a blog of his here, there's a video on that blog showing a very poor implementation of a two stage right turn, but it at least gives you an idea if you haven't seen them before. The London Cycling Campaign has welcomed two stage turns, although criticised when they have been done poorly.

    David Hembrow advocates the use of simultaneous green for bikes and pedestrians, when all branches of the junction have green. As far as I understand, this allows cycles to go across pedestrian lights when pedestrians have a green man, as in Holland. Leaving aside any discussion of whether this is okay, it would be hugely controversial, need legislation, and just isn't an option for things being designed such as Leith Walk / E-W route.

    Effectively we are discussing whether there should be both an ASL and a safer but slower two stage turn for people turning right, or just the ASL.

    The presence of a two-stage right turn doesn't stop anyone using the one-stage ASL option, but is seen by many as creating a 'dual network', where cyclists who want safety are forced to wait longer. On the other hand, if lots of people just get off and push because they find it too scary to use the right turning ASL then this dual network already exists.

    So anyway, I think I'm inclined towards saying that if a two-stage crossing can be put in that doesn't stop anyone using the ASL and doesn't take any pavement space then it's a good thing. Any other thoughts?

    Posted 9 years ago #
  2. I don't understand Hembrow's arguments. I think two-stage turns are often the best compromise.

    Simultaneous green looks great at first (when you see everybody crossing) but on busy roads they also mean you have to wait for ages before it's your turn. Like the famous pedestrian crossings on Princes St where peds get their simultaneous greens for a few seconds only after traffic from all other directions had green for several minutes.

    Waiting times at a two-stage turn, on the other hand, is (on busy roads) hardly longer than for vehicular cycling: Normally you can't turn right immediately but have to wait for oncoming traffic, and only when the lights turn red you can go - but then the lights in the other direction (where you would be waiting in a two-stage turn) go green just a few seconds later.

    I don't understand Hembrow's argument that cyclists wouldn't wait in the two-stage turn and instead try to make their way across somehow. Isn't that a much bigger problem in the simultaneous green where you indeed have to wait for ages?

    Posted 9 years ago #
  3. .. note that Hembrow's video has the lights change in the convenient moment when he arrives at the junction, it doesn't show how long the other cyclists have been waiting...

    Posted 9 years ago #
  4. sallyhinch
    Member

    Interestingly, the 'all ways green' isn't universally loved in the Netherlands - Mark Wagenbuur (Bicycle Dutch) didn't seem too keen on them when he visited Groningen recently. https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2016/03/08/groningen-cycling-city-of-the-netherlands/

    This site is quite good at explaining (to a US audience) how junctions work with segregated infrastructure http://www.protectedintersection.com/ with links to more resources, including Pedestrianise London's visualisation of how they might work in a UK context

    I certainly wouldn't advocate an ASL-only approach to junctions. Ultimately if would be nice if the ASL became irrelevant, but even as segregated infrastructure becomes more common I expect we'll hang on to them to keep people happy

    Posted 9 years ago #
  5. @sallyhinch Interesting - Wagenbuur's argument is also that they lead to longer signal cycles with short green phases and long waiting time for cyclists...

    @UtrechtCyclist Reading the question again, I think I don't understand what you're asking. How do ASL-only junctions work with protected bike lanes? Do people then have to leave the bike lane if they want to make a turn? Surely turning right is the most difficult bit where people need a protected space?

    Posted 9 years ago #
  6. cc
    Member

    "As far as I understand, this allows cycles to go across pedestrian lights when pedestrians have a green man"

    Here's what David Hembrow says, taken from his site here:
    "Simultaneous Green gives cyclists their own green phase during which they may travel in all directions at once, including diagonally, following their own desire line across the junction." (my emphasis)

    I'm not sure that simultaneous green would be safe in Edinburgh, even if cycle-only light phases were possible - for example who's going to want to turn into or out of West Savile Terrace across the path of kamikaze students bombing down Mayfield Road?

    Re waiting for ages: you only have to wait for ages if the council deliberately decides to make you wait for ages.

    I'm for whatever is quick and convenient.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  7. UtrechtCyclist
    Member

    Thanks for the links Sally, I hadn't seen the stuff from Wagenbuur before.

    Stephan, I'm struggling to remember the context in which we were discussing them, but I think in current council plans for either Leith Walk or the E-W route there are places where right turning cyclists would be expected to leave the protected lane and use an ASL. I should also add that we're talking about cyclists leaving a segregated cycle lane to a road with little cycle infrastructure, it's not quite clear where cyclists turning right would be expected to wait, it wouldn't be possible or desirable to take any space away from the pavements.

    CC - I'm also for whatever is quick and convenient and safe. The problem is that sometimes I struggle to work out what this means we should be asking for in practice!

    Posted 9 years ago #
  8. @cc "you only have to wait for ages if the council deliberately decides to make you wait for ages."

    I'd be interested in examples of reasonably busy junctions where pedestrians don't have to wait long for the pedestrian phase.

    Continental junctions have shorter average waiting times because the pedestrian phase is parallel to the general traffic phase, so just under half the time it's green, the maximum waiting time is half a signal cycle and the average wait is a quarter of a signal cycle.

    UK style crossings require all other traffic to stop. 30 pedestrians can cross in 3 seconds, but 30 cars in one lane need a minute (assuming 2 seconds per car), so there is huge pressure to make the car phase as long as possible and the pedestrian phase as short as possible. At the KB junction e.g. the car phases are over 2 minutes, the pedestrian/cycle phase a few seconds. The maximum wait is a full signal cycle and the average wait is half a full signal cycle.

    When cycling, the simultaneous green phase model is even worse, because stopping and starting uses more energy. In the continental model, half of the time you arrive at green and can keep going. Often you can modify your speed and get a green phase. For a simultaneous green system, you almost always arrive at red, as Wagenbuur describes.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  9. @UtrechtCyclist Thanks. I had understood your question as a general preference, not about a particular junction. For a specific junction, I think one really has to look at the detailed situation, how much space there is and how much cycle/pedestrian/motor traffic is going in different directions.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  10. Question: Are there any UK junctions with more than one pedestrian phase in the signal cycle? Something like green for East-West, then pedestrian green, then green for N-S, then another pedestrian phase, then E-W again? That would cut down waiting times by half without increasing cycle lengths much.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  11. UtrechtCyclist
    Member

    Stephan - we started with a specific junction and then went on to general questions. I think we're all agreed that in places like Tolcross there should be a protected two stage right turn, so perhaps we had in mind situations like the crossing of Leith Walk and Brunswick road, where there isn't masses of pavement space to put the waiting cyclists in.

    As for double pedestrian phases, this happens as the junction of south bridge with the Royal mile. But it's the only example I know, and I don't think there's any prospect of getting a double cycle phase put in on Leith walk!

    Posted 9 years ago #
  12. chdot
    Admin

    "more than one pedestrian phase in the signal cycle?"

    Royal Mile.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  13. Min
    Member

    But only in August..

    Posted 9 years ago #
  14. Thanks!

    It would be interesting to try double ped phases in other junctions (Royal Mile/South Bridge in August is really a bit of a special case...). Could be a huge improvement for peds.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  15. I think the one at George IV over to the Mound is a double ped phase all year round? might be wrong though, little while since I've been through.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  16. sallyhinch
    Member

    The Copenhagen compromise - the 'jug handle turn' is that to turn left (right, in the UK) you first turn right (left, in the UK) off the protected lane into the side street, and then join the queue of traffic waiting to go across the road you've just been cycling along. That way there's no special pocket needed for cyclists to sit in but it's not exactly intuitive as I discovered when I visited Copenhagen.

    However I think many of our junctions are big enough that we can provide space for waiting cyclists though. And removing all that sweeping tarmac will slow turning cars, making left and right hooks less likely as well.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  17. Roibeard
    Member

    Royal Mile has that at the junction with George IV Bridge and at North Bridge, and I've seen it operational outside of the festivals (no idea how it's triggered).

    Other junctions can have partial pedestrian phases, in conjunction with filters, such that there isn't a single all stop where pedestrians can cross in all directions, but more of a rolling pedestrian phase. However this is definitely done to facilitate traffic flow rather than pedestrian convenience...

    Robert

    Posted 9 years ago #
  18. sallyhinch
    Member

    Pedestrians of course can legally cross against the light (at their own risk) whereas if you're on a bike and have a dedicated light then it's illegal to cross on the red light. So bikes and cars can be more inconvenienced by a long wait for a green signal than pedestrians, unless it's a very busy junction.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  19. fimm
    Member

    I'm pretty sure the Melville Drive / Causewayside / Hope Park Terrace / Hope Park Crescent junction at the eastern end of the Meadows has a double pedestrian phase.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  20. Roibeard
    Member

    @fimm - you may be mistaken on that one, it's a straightforward, east/west then north/south then pedestrian phase junction.

    Robert

    Posted 9 years ago #
  21. jonty
    Member

    There's really no excuse for most simple junctions in Edinburgh not to be double-pedestrian-phase, certainly out of rush hour. At the very least, they could use the sensors on the modern lights to cut phases short when possible. It's very frustrating to cautiously cross on a red man that could have been green if the lights weren't giving a prolonged green phase to a totally empty road.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  22. chdot
    Admin

    "certainly out of rush hour"

    Or - 'especially at (pedestrian) rush hour'.

    Just come through Bridges/Royal Mile, definitely double ped phase.

    Should have timed it, didn't seem long at all.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  23. i
    Member

    An important part of the protected junction is having a free left turn, this compensates somewhat for a two stage right turn.

    In Groningnen, the SG junction has a counter which shows how long your long wait is. I was frustrated by the lack of free right turn there!

    The wait with SG might not be so bad if it was double phase like with the pedestrian crossings. The crossing time can be shorter than for the pedestrian phase.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  24. gembo
    Member

    This might be a bit too much for those not quite convinced about segregated routes?

    Posted 9 years ago #
  25. dougal
    Member

    This seems to suppose that there *is* a cross road to join with your jug handle. The two nasty junctions I can think of on Leith Walk (Pilrig Street and Montgomery/Annandale) would be ill-served by this setup. The MacDonald/Brunswick junction is the only major crossing that this would fit without tons of extra signposts and explanatory markings.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  26. A two-stage turn does not imply a jug handle. Most don't.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  27. wingpig
    Member

    Not the 270° example as official cursed by Hembrow. Tight turns are not convenient and there are enough tight-turns-in-narrow-lanes even on the few examples of segregated infrastructure we now have.
    There are some junctions where a 'hook turn' (Copenhagen compromise?) might work, but the way our staggered crossing de-prioritise pedestrians means that (without signal phase modifications) reaching the ASL/front-of-the-queue of the traffic waiting to go left-to-right across the path of someone turning right 90° could involve crossing over a pedestrian green. I think I first heard of them as a thing when reading up on New Zealand's road laws prior to visiting in 2008. They're not a thing many road users over here would expect and aren't much better than getting-off-and-pushing-across - sometimes people might feel safer doing that, especially where a right turn involves crossing multiple lanes to get to the right-turn lane, but to officially advocate it runs the risk of officially accepting inadequate consideration/sidelining.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  28. paulmilne
    Member

    If we were serious about the "hierarchy of travel" then it wouldn't be how we safely fit cycling into a junction dominated by cars, but how to most safely fit cars into a pedestrian/cycling junction. I expect we'd have a completely different set of solutions.

    Posted 9 years ago #
  29. ^^^^ this

    Posted 9 years ago #
  30. Cyclingmollie
    Member

    Based on the implication that experts like David Hembrow don't seem to be consulted by practitioners like TfL does it make any difference whether Spokes support it or not?

    Rather than support a design which is based on the kind of maneouvre I have made in the past out of sheer desperation I think they should shoot for the moon and support simultaneous green. At least that looks like the kind of system a progressive country would adopt.

    Posted 9 years ago #

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