My bike is a Pashley Princess with drum brakes. I cycled into work just fine but there was a lot of snow that I had to force my way through with my bike so it may have got some around the brakes. I left it in the foyer, so the temperature ought to have been above freezing but there was still ice/slush on it when I came back hours later. When I first tried to brake, I found that neither lever would budge! With a little more force, the rear brake began to operate, but the front one didn't for the entire journey home. The following day (bike stored in hall), the brakes were normal again. I don't really know what happened. Visual inspection yielded nothing - I couldn't see any ice blocking movement.
If anyone has any insight, I'm interested.
Otherwise, please check that your brakes are both functional before you mount your bike!