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According to a report by the Lebanese non-profit Public Works Studio, white phosphorus was used to burn more than 2,000 hectares (4,940 acres) of southern Lebanese countryside, “including 873 hectares of dense forest with gum trees and vast areas covered with oak and pine trees”.
White phosphorus can also lie hidden in the soil and spontaneously combust when uncovered by farmers, posing a continuing threat if the people of south Lebanon are able to return to their homes.
And the effects can also be systemic, the report warned, as repeated white phosphorus strikes saturate the soil with phosphoric acid along with toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and zinc. Together, the report said, this accumulation “can reduce microbial diversity, deplete soil fertility [and] decrease agricultural productivity”.
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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/25/israel-white-phosphorus-south-lebanon-researchers