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“The project,” Maxwell says, “should also be accompanied by complementary measures to further encourage use of public transport and active travel, such as bus gates, traffic filters and congestion charging. Research is clear that a combination of carrot and stick is the optimal approach to traffic reduction.”
What that means, to me anyway, is a ramping up of what's sometimes called the war against cars.
For Spokes, tram introduction should be about creating “an integrated sustainable transport place-making project”.
“It shouldn’t be a tram-only project into which cycling and walking have to be slotted in once all the tramline decisions are taken, as happened with tramline 1 and to a considerable (though lesser) extent in the Newhaven extension.”
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https://archive.ph/2025.12.01-062752/https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/25648819.cyclists-fear-dangers-new-edinburgh-tram-route/