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Various societies and companies were formed to meet the housing needs of the working classes. Support from public figures and demonstrations of model artisan housing at the Great Exhibition all improved public awareness. The housing issue was further highlighted by the work of social reformers at the time such as Sir Edwin Chadwick (1800–1890), noted for his work to reform the Poor Laws and improve sanitary conditions and public health. In 1844, Freidrich Engels wrote in his book, The Condition of the Working Class in England, of how ‘from their smoky beehives ten stories high, the unwashed look down upon the open squares and gardens of the wealthy.’ This publication and Marx’s The Communist Manifesto and increasing fears of social unrest, increased concern for the welfare of the working class amongst the middle and upper classes.
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