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Employing multiple strategies is important in promoting walking and cycling.
However, a series of misconceptions on what works, need addressing.
It has been claimed that there is a common misunderstandings about walking and cycling such as a tendency to assume that interventions will have larger effects than the literature confirms. One comprehensive summary outlined the low hanging fruit in terms of interventions, policies and programmes that seem promising but have not been evaluated
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Interesting stuff, here
More here - http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/benefits-cycling-and-walking