"my bike skidded on the 5mm high left-hand edge of the green magic tarmac, and I nearly fell off"
5mm is the maximum height for the ridges on tramline tactile paving - are you sure it wasn't more than 5mm (2 x £2 coins stacked = 5mm precisely - so the third £2 coin on top should overlap but barely touch the upper level) This height and profile of the edges was arrived at after extensive tests by TRL about 20 years ago. Higher and not the same profile will deliver an edge that deflects cycle tyres and brings you down.
From TSRGD Chapter 5 "Markings may project up to 6 mm above the adjacent road surface (regulation 32)" Diagrams in ORR guidance on Tramway Street Track indicate a preferred height LIMIT of 3mm for both road markings and tram rails.
Very little detail appears to exist on limiting detail for ridges, and surface irregularities. Anyone who has clipped the edge of a steel manhole frame, or ridden over a planed road surface will know what I'm describing but I'm struggling to find some decent quantitative measure on this, let alone any roads authority treating it seriously.
The advice about striking the edge as the right angle is a bit hollow when the road layout, such as that at the Mound/Princes Street crossing, actually sets your angle of attack as an unsafe one.
Other detail includes limits on tar banding, the smooth black strips where repairs are sealed in to the surface width being limited to 50mm or 2", and friction ratings for thermoplastic road markings (permitted at over twice the width of tar banding but potentially as slippery when wet)