You can use all kinds of stuff, crisp or sweet packets for instance.
I once rode over 100km with my tyre held together by (rapidly dwindling) supply of zip ties, from south of Kielder up to the brevet finish in Galashiels. Fortunately it was a disc braked bike!
(The secret seemed to be to have the zip tie just tight enough that it 'cut' into the inflated tyre a little, so it was barely touching the road whilst riding along. I left the tails on so I would be alerted by the absence of tick-tick-ticking to the impending explosion of my one remaining inner tube...)