Following Laidback's comment here: http://citycyclingedinburgh.info/bbpress/topic.php?id=1361 and the fact that the driving test has just changed, with a new 'independent' element (driver is given a destination and has to pick the route themselves rather than being told which turn to take and so on) which I tihnk is a move in the right direction, what else should be in the test, or in lessons?
An easy one would be for the first couple of lessons to be done on bike, which are easy to stop and talk about road layouts and so on which are ahead and how they should be approached, as well as giving an appreciation of bikes on the road. I'd extend that to having a walking element as well to take pedestrians into account.