The length of time it takes for the sun to go from wholly visible to wholly occluded by the horizon varies with the distance from the equator combined with the seasonal variation caused by the earth's axial tilt. A sunrise/sunset calendar will show this variation throughout the year. In summary: if the sun is directly overhead at noon, sunrises and sunsets are over more quickly than they would be if the sun was not directly overhead at noon. In slightly more detail: the apparent angular velocity of the sun doesn't change much, so a sun with apparent motion perpendicular to the horizon will move from before it to beyond it more quickly than a sun with an oblique path, which has to cover greater overall apparent distance to achieve the same vertical component (its own apparent height).
The momentary appearance of a sunset at any time is entirely down to atmospheric conditions - particles, thermoclines and whether or not there are any clouds to be illuminated by the affected light. These can vary seasonally. Changing weather patterns could result in relative local differences in atmospheric pressure, humidity, particles, temperature gradients etc. but these can only affect the appearance of a sunrise or sunset if they happen to end up in the right place to divert photons from the atmosphere into your eyes at any given time.